All articles in: Wages and Employment

Portrait of a female architect standing on a construction site, smiling confidently. In the background, a group of men are looking at a plan. The focus is on the woman.

August 5, 2026 | Social Inequality, Joblessness and Social Inclusion

Why confidence matters: The hidden barrier for women in STEM

Despite strong educational achievements, women in Germany remain underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers – an imbalance that fuels the gender pay gap, as ...read more

Eine Wippe auf der die Miniaturfigur einer Frau auf der einen Seite und die Miniaturfigur eines Mannes auf der anderen Seite stehen. Beide stehen auf je einem Münzstapel. Der Stapel der Frau ist kleiner, trotzdem ist die Wippe in der Waage.

September 16, 2024 | Groups of Persons

Female university students may settle for considerably lower starting salaries than their male peers

Paul Setzepfand, Ipek Yükselen Saif

According to a survey conducted by the IAB, female university students have different salary expectations than male students. They would accept a starting salary that is 15.6 percent lower than that ...read more

The picture shows a portrait of Alan Manning.

March 8, 2024 | video

Gender Pay Gap in the United Kingdom and in Germany

Jutta Winters

The 8th of March marks the annual International Women’s Day. Wages are an important factor in driving gender parity. In a video interview Professor Alan Manning talks about the gender pay gap between ...read more

Drei Männer und eine Frau sitzen nebeneinander in einem Wartezimmer und arbeiten an ihren Laptops.

October 25, 2023 | Wages and Employment

How men and women differ when searching for a job: application behaviour can explain half of the residual earnings gap

Benjamin Lochner, Christian Merkl

On average, women earn less than men. So far, gender-specific application behaviour has received little attention in this context. It can, however, explain a considerable part of the gender earnings ...read more

June 5, 2023 | Interviews

Alan Manning: "It is important to have institutions such as the minimum wage to adress the market power of employers"

Jutta Winters

Professor Alan Manning, one of the world's most renowned labour market economists, explains in this video-statement the basic idea of imperfect competition in the labour market. He elaborates on the ...read more

Ein Herr im Anzug steht auf einem Stapel Geldmünzen, ein Herr im Blaumann steht davor. Kleinere Geldmünzen liegen gestapelt daneben.

November 25, 2021 | Wages and Employment

Recent research on minimum wages – evidence from a virtual seminar series

Mario Bossler, Duncan Roth, Matthias Umkehrer

A recent seminar series focussed on the cutting-edge international research on minimum wage policies with regard to employment, consumer prices, wage inequality, and other ...read more

Eine Wippe neigt sich nach rechts. Auf dem linken Ende sitzt ein rotes Püppchen mit einem kleinen Stapel an Geldmünzen, auf dem nach unten gesenkten rechten Ende sitzt ein blaues Püppchen mit zwei größeren Geldmünzenstapeln.

December 19, 2019 | Groups of Persons

The sources behind the gender wage gap of university graduates

Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen Saif

For every euro a man earned per hour in Germany in 2018, a woman earned on average only 0.79 euros. This amounts to a gender wage gap of 21 percent, which is even greater among high-skilled ...read more

On the left side, two men are sitting in front of their desktop. L and two women are stt

July 12, 2019 | Wages and Employment

The gender wage gap in Europe: What can we learn from linked employer-employee data? A workshop report

Alex Bryson, John Forth, Stefanie Wolter

The report presents a summary of the workshop "The gender wage gap in Europe: What can we learn from linked employer-employee ...read more

Rückansicht eines Mannes, der seine Arme ausbreitet. Auf der linken Handfläche steht eine verkleinerte Frau und auf der rechten Handfläche ein verkleinerter Mann, beide im Businesskleidung. Der verkleinerte Mann wird höher gehalten.

August 29, 2018 | Groups of Persons

Women still hit the glass ceiling – despite operational promotion of equal opportunities

Malte Reichelt

There is a large wage gap between women and men. The search for explanations and solutions must start exactly where wages are decided: in the enterprises. In Germany, operational measures to promote ...read more